You may have heard about electrolytes, but what are they, exactly, and what is their purpose? For starters, they affect everyone–not just athletes. By learning more about electrolytes, you can avoid some potential health issues when you are conscious of your electrolyte levels, you are always replenishing.
What are Electrolytes?
Electrolytes are chemicals that mix with water and conduct electricity in the body. They are necessary for survival since a number of important bodily functions, such as regulation of the nerves and muscles, depend upon them. Sodium, calcium and potassium are among the electrolytes necessary for proper body function, as well as phosphate, bicarbonate, chloride and magnesium. These chemicals are found in foods we consume, such as fruits and vegetables, which is one reason why a proper diet is essential to good health.
In addition to assisting proper nerve and muscle function, electrolytes are needed to balance the acidity of the blood. They are also a necessary component in repairing damaged tissues. Therefore, the body needs electrolytes in order to function properly and maintain optimum health. Electrolyte imbalance leads to lack of energy, ill health and may be an indication of an underlying medical condition.
Electrolyte Imbalance and Symptoms
Imbalance occurs when the level of electrolytes is too high or too low. Loss of electrolytes occurs through sweat following activity such as exercise or participating in a sport, which is why it is important to keep the body hydrated. Electrolyte levels can also be caused by illness that results in profuse vomiting or severe diarrhea. The levels of electrolytes can also be affected by more severe illnesses such as kidney disease and congestive heart failure, among others. Levels can also be affected by prescription drugs and medical treatments such as chemotherapy.
An imbalance of electrolytes can produce a wide range of symptoms. However, those symptoms may vary according to the severity of the imbalance and the underlying cause. Symptoms may include weakness, fatigue, numbness, confusion, irritability, thirst, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, constipation and others. Severe imbalance can lead to seizures and irregular heartbeat.
These symptoms should be diagnosed by a physician to determine whether an electrolyte imbalance is present. A doctor can perform tests to screen for electrolyte imbalance and determine the underlying cause. The physician can then determine the proper course of action to correct the imbalance. Treatment will depend upon the severity and cause of the imbalance. The patient may be treated with oral hydration. If the imbalance is severe, the patient may be admitted to the hospital and given intravenous treatment. The patient’s electrolyte levels will be tested until they return to normal. Dietary changes may be necessary and supplements may be prescribed.
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