Breathe Easier: How to Conquer Seasonal Allergies

Millions of people experience seasonal allergies each year, commonly referred to as hay fever or allergic rhinitis. If you find yourself sneezing, experiencing itchy eyes or dealing with congestion as the seasons change, you're not alone. These allergies occur when the immune system overreacts to allergens such as pollen, mold spores, and other airborne irritants. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and available treatments can help you manage seasonal allergies effectively and enjoy the changing seasons with ease.

What Causes Seasonal Allergies?

The primary cause of seasonal allergies is pollen, which is released into the air by trees, grasses and weeds. Pollen levels vary throughout the year, with spring and fall being the most common allergy seasons. Other environmental factors, such as mold spores and airborne pollutants, can also trigger allergic reactions.

“Many people don’t realize that seasonal allergies can strike at different times of the year, depending on which type of pollen they are sensitive to,” says Jessica White, FNP, a Family Nurse Practitioner at Riverside White Stone Family Practice. “Spring allergies are often triggered by tree pollen, while fall allergies tend to be caused by ragweed.”

Some common allergens that cause seasonal allergies include:

• Tree pollen (spring): Oak, birch, cedar and maple trees
• Grass pollen (summer): Bermuda, Timothy and Kentucky bluegrass
• Weed pollen (fall): Ragweed, sagebrush and pigweed
• Mold spores (year-round but more common in damp weather)

Recognizing the Symptoms of Seasonal Allergies

Seasonal allergy symptoms can range from mild to severe and often mimic those of the common cold. However, unlike a cold, allergies are not caused by a virus and can last for weeks or even months, depending on exposure to allergens.

Common symptoms of seasonal allergies include:

• Sneezing
• Runny or stuffy nose
• Itchy or watery eyes
• Scratchy throat
• Sinus pressure or headaches
• Fatigue due to disrupted sleep

“Many patients confuse seasonal allergies with sinus infections,” explains Ms. White. “One key difference is that allergies don’t cause a fever, and symptoms tend to persist as long as the allergen is present.”

If left untreated, seasonal allergies can contribute to other health conditions, including sinus infections, asthma flare-ups and ear infections in children.

Effective Treatment Options for Seasonal Allergies

The good news is that seasonal allergies can be managed with a combination of lifestyle changes, medications and, in some cases, immunotherapy. Here are some effective ways to reduce symptoms and enjoy relief:

1. Minimize Allergen Exposure

• Check daily pollen counts and stay indoors when levels are high.
• Keep windows closed during peak pollen seasons.
• Use high-efficiency air filters in your home and car.
• Shower and change clothes after spending time outdoors.
• Wash bedding frequently to remove pollen buildup.

2. Over-the-Counter and Prescription Medications

Many people find relief from seasonal allergies by using medications such as:

• Antihistamines (e.g., cetirizine, loratadine) to reduce sneezing and itching
• Decongestants (e.g., pseudoephedrine) to relieve nasal congestion
• Nasal corticosteroids (e.g., fluticasone, mometasone) to reduce inflammation
• Eye drops to soothe itchy, watery eyes

“Starting allergy medications early—before peak allergy season—can help prevent symptoms from becoming severe,” advises Ms. White.

3. Immunotherapy (Allergy Shots or Tablets)

For individuals with severe allergies, immunotherapy can help desensitize the immune system to specific allergens over time. Allergy shots or sublingual tablets can be effective in reducing long-term symptoms and improving overall quality of life.

When to See a Health Care Provider

If seasonal allergies interfere with your daily life or if over-the-counter treatments are not providing relief, it may be time to see a primary care provider or an allergy specialist. They can perform allergy testing to identify specific triggers and recommend a personalized treatment plan.

By taking proactive steps to manage seasonal allergies, you can breathe easier and enjoy the beauty of each season without discomfort. If you’re struggling with persistent symptoms, consult your health care provider for the best course of action.

Stay Ahead of Allergy Season

With the right strategies, you can reduce the impact of seasonal allergies and improve your quality of life. Whether it’s avoiding allergens, taking medication, or exploring long-term treatments like immunotherapy, relief is possible. Don’t let allergies hold you back—take control and enjoy the changing seasons with confidence!

If you’re wondering where the best place is to get care, please see our guide below:

If your problem is life- or limb-threatening, call 911 or go to the emergency room.

Primary Care – Schedule through MyChart or call your provider’s office who you go to for most health care needs.

Virtual Clinic – Schedule through MyChart or click Here to learn more about Primary Care On Demand.

MD Express Urgent Care – Click Here to find a location near you for after-hours care or when your primary care provider is busy.